Abstract

PREPARATION, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS-REVIEW

G.S.C. Bose* and I. Hatti

ABSTRACT

The prefix ‘nano’ is derived from the Greek word for dwarf. One nanometre (nm) is equal to one-billionth of a metre, 10–9m. The conceptual underpinnings of nanotechnologies were first laid out in 1959 by the physicist Richard Feynman. Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. The properties of materials can be different at the nanoscale for two main reasons. First, nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to the same mass of material produced in a larger form. Metal nanoparticles are used as various types of catalysts, adsorbents, sensors and ferrofluids. Nanoparticles have potential applications in many different fields. Engineered nanoparticles are specifically designed and formed with customized physical properties in order to fulfill the requirements of specific applications.Nanomaterials are used such as electronics, Energy, Automobile, Aerospace, Medical, Cosmetics, Food, Sports equipment, Textile industry, Technology and home appliances.

Keywords: Nano, Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanoscale.