Abstract

SIGNIFICANT OF D-DIMER AND PROTEIN C TESTING IN PREDICTING AND EVALUATION OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM AMONG SUDANESE ADULT: 40 YEAR OF AGE OR LESS THAN 40 YEAR POPULATION STUDY

Akasha A. S.*, Sharaf Eldeen R. I., Afaq A. and Abdel Rahim M.

ABSTRACT

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in young people can occur at any age, but the first month of life (especially in premature and other hospitalized infants) and the teenage years appear to be times of increased risk for blood clots. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the significant of D-dimer and protein C testing in predicting and evaluation of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among across age categories. Methodology: A total of eighty (80) adult individuals were recruited to participate in this study their age were 40 year old with their mean 36 year old with thrombosis or pulmonary embolism first diagnosed between Marches 2017 to September 2018. The protein C and D-dimer were measured using ELISA and manually respectively. Results: The individuals with thromboembolism (deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) had significantly higher Ddimer levels (572±12.8), when compared with the control group (237.8±4.3) (P. value = 0.024). A total of 19 (23.7%) of 80 patients had VTE (deep-vein thrombosis [n = 12] and pulmonary embolism [n = 7). Patients with recurrent VTE had significantly higher D-dimer levels (49(61.3%) of 80) than those without (mean: 553 ng/mL vs 240 ng/mL, respectively, P. value = 0.01). In the individuals with thromboembolism (deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) protein C was decreased significantly. Protein C was decreased in about 77.5% of the cases (62 patients) and the mean was (55.8±20.1%) versus the control the mean (110.3±25.1%) (P. Value = 0.001). Conclusions: The D-dimer test has great sensitivity (> 95%) and specificity (> 92.0%) in predictive deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism in those young adult patients. While decreased in protein C values have predictive indicator for significantly increased risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in those patients.

Keywords: D-dimer, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, protein C.