PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGEN
Deshpande S. N.*
ABSTRACT
Psidium guajava L. commonly known as guava is used for the
medicinal purposes. Every part of the plant like leaves, bark, fruit and
roots is used to treat various diseases. In the present study, Preliminary
phytochemical analysis of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum
ether, chloroform and water leaf extract prepared by cold extraction
method of Psidium guajava L. was carried out by chemical tests and
antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method
against Staph. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis,
Salmonella paratyphi B, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli. Alkaloids, carbohydrates,
tannins, phytosterols and cardiac glycosides were present in all extracts. However,
flavonoids, antraquinine, saponins, aminoacids were absent in all extracts. All the extracts
inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogens under investigation. Ethyl acetate extract showed
highest antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli followed
by aqueous and chloroform against Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi B respectively.
The inhibition zone of gentamycin [reference control] was 32 mm.
Keywords: Psidium guajava, cold extraction, agar well diffusion, gentamycin, alkaloids, saponins.
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