Abstract

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF TAPINANTHUS GLOBIFERUS LEAVES ON THE BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF WOUND

Kabiru M.* Usman M. Manga S.B. Opaluwa S.A. Nura A. and Spencer T.H.I

ABSTRACT

Background: Tapinanthus globiferus (Mistle toe, Kauchi) is a medicinal herb used in the treatment of many ailments ranging from infectious to non infectious diseases. Objective: To investigate the effect of the antibacterial activities of the crude leaves extracts and fractions of Tapinanthus Globiferus leaves compared against that of Ciprofloxacin and Pefloxacin on seven wound associated bacteria.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as cross sectional experimental study. The susceptibility pattern of the crude extract, fractions and the standard antibiotics were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. MIC of the extract, fractions and the standard antibiotics were determined using Macro broth dilution techniques. Separation of the crude extract was carried out using column chromatography and the LD50 of the extract was determined using Lorke’s method. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 (California, Inc., USA) and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Highly significant activity of the crude extract was observed on P. aeruginosa (at 10, 5, 3 and 1mg/disc, F = 15.2, P = 0.0007) and the lowest was observed on S. pyogenes (at 10 1nd 5mg/disc, F = 3.3, P = 0.0049). No any significant difference was observed between the MICs and MBCs of the crude extract when compared with that of Ciprofloxacin. Out of the five fractions of T. globiferus, the 5th fraction presented a significant activity on S. aureus (at 0.03mg/disc, P = 0.03). No any significant difference was observed between the MICs and MBCs of the fractions when compared with Ciprofloxacin. The oral acute toxicity studies with the extract had shown an LD50 of the extract to be >5000mg/kg. Results: The overall result of the present study provided evidence that the crude extracts of T. globiferus as well as some of the fractions (especially TF5; fifth fraction of T. globiferus) could be considered as a potential source of novel antibacterial agents which may be employed to forestall the present antibiotic resistance menace. Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that the crude methanol leaves extract and fractions of T. globiferus possessed an antibacterial activity. Significant antibacterial activities were observed with the crude extract and fractions against some wound associated bacteria despite their multi drug resistance antecedents.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity. Tapinantus Globiferus leaves. Bacterial isolates of Wound.