A OVERVIEW ON: COMPARITIVE STUDY OF EBOLA VIRUS & H1N1 (SWINE FLUE) VIRUS
Akash A. Jain*, Lalit S. Jain, Roshan R. Jain, Shubham I. Patil, Sapana M. Ragade, Dr. Shashikant D. Barhate
ABSTRACT
Ebola virus is transmitted to people as a result of direct contact with
body fluids containing virus of an infected patient. The incubation
period usually lasts 5 to 7 d and approximately 95% of the patients
appear signs within 21 d after exposure. Typical features include fever,
profound weakness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea and
vomiting for 3-5 days and maybe persisting for up to a week.
Laboratory complications including elevated aminotransferase levels,
marked lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia may have occurred.
Hemorrhagic fever occurs in less than half of patients and it takes place
most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms progress
over the time and patients suffer from dehydration, stupor, confusion,
hypotension, multi-organ failure, leading to fulminant shock and eventually death. The most
general assays used for antibody detection are direct IgG and IgM ELISAs and IgM capture
ELISA. An IgM or rising IgG titer (four-fold) contributes to strong presumptive diagnosis.
Duration of viral shedding following infection is an important determinant of disease
transmission, informing both control policies and disease modelling. We undertook a
systematic literature review of the duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus shedding to
examine the effects of age, severity of illness and receipt of antiviral treatment. Studies were
identified by searching the PubMed database using the keywords „H1N1‟, „pandemic‟,
„pandemics‟, „shed‟ and „shedding‟. Any study of humans with an outcome measure of viral
shedding was eligible for inclusion in the review. Comparisons by age, degree of severity and
antiviral treatment were made with forest plots. The search returned 214 articles of which 22
were eligible for the review. Significant statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis. The mean duration of viral shedding generally increased with severity of clinical presentation, but we found no evidence of longer shedding duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among children compared with adults.
Keywords: H1N1 virus, Ebola virus, Swine flue, Treatment, Prevention.
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