Abstract

DIABETIC FOOT ULCER: AN UPDATED REVIEW 2020

Dilsha F.*, Jose J., Sadiq M., A. Sareena, K. S. Gopika and Haneen

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are lesions of all skin, necrosis or gangrene layers that happen in the sole of the feet in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It caused mainly by: (a) causative factor (peripheral neuropathy, high plantar foot pressure and trauma); (b) contributing factors (atherosclerosis and diabetes) and can be determined by deep anamnesis and physical examination. It affects nearly about 6% of people with diabetes and includes infection, ulceration or destruction of tissues of the foot and between 0.03% and 1.5% of patients with diabetic foot require an amputation. It can impair patients health related quality of life and affect social interaction. Most ulcers can be prevented with good foot care and repairing the cause of ulcer, good wound care and prevention of recurrence. Basic therapy includes necrotomy/debridement, decreasing the load/pressure on the offensive area, manage the infection by diagnosing the type of bacteria, providing adequate antibiotics and ulcer treatment using wound dressing clean and moist. The main contributing factor that leads to DFU includes peripheral arterial disease, neuropathy, previous amputation and infection. Mortality and morbidity can be decreased by early recognition. We provide an update on the therapeutic management including advanced therapies of diabetic foot.

Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes, amputation, debridement.