Abstract

A REVIEW ON TARDIVE DYSKINESIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Gamini N S Santhoshi Lakshmi*, Dr.Singuru Kiran Kumar, Kodamanchili VidyaBharghavi, Kesava Rao Kannuru, Pasam Ravi Sankar, Datla Divya Bharathi.

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder and it is usually associated with the chronic use of first generation antipsychotics which includes involuntary rapid movements of face and body like grimacing, tongue movements, lip smacking, lip puckering, pursing of the lips, excessive eye blinking, rapid and involuntary movements of the limbs, torso, and phalanges. With the availability of second generation antipsychotics, the risk of tardive dyskinesia is decreased to some extent. The pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia was not completely understood but the possible mechanisms include post-synaptic dopamine receptor hypersensitivity, striatal GABA neurons abnormality, and striatal cholinergic inter-neurons degeneration. There is no evidence based treatment which is effective in treating the tardive dyskinesia till date. Several drugs have been tried to determine their efficacy in decreasing the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.

Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia, Dopamine, Clozapine, Vitamin E, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.