Abstract

A REVIEW ON VACCINES AGAINST VARIOUS DISEASES

Deepak Pokharkar*, Gayatri Sawale, Ashniya Bandarkar, Rutuja Galande, Komal Patil

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Abstract

Vaccines are being used widely against various diseases as it helps in reduction of diseases and death rate. In this article, we have discussed how vaccines generally build our immunity to fight against that specific pathogen and reboot on successive exposure of the same. There are various types of vaccines available and many others are in the trial stage undergoing strict testing. Some commercially available vaccines are live attenuated, killed inactivated, toxoid and subunit type of vaccines. Non-live vaccines contain whole viruses or bacteria which are inactivated and live vaccines contain weakened pathogens, it's a distinctive feature of these two main types of vaccine. Sometimes only a specific part of the virus has been used for vaccine development, like vector vaccines or subunit vaccines. This review is composed of most types of vaccines, explaining their action, being used for which disease, its advantages and disadvantages. To date, various edible vaccines are also in progress but due to various limitations, they are under clinical trials and research to make them effective. These edible vaccines are based on plants, algae, insect cells, lactic acid, whole-cell yeast, etc. as covered in this article. We have provided a short review on vaccines available for various diseases like MMR, DTP, Polio, Cancer, Hepatitis B, TB and included some of the vaccines available for the prevention of the COVID-19.

Keywords: Vaccine, Attenuated, Toxoid, Viral, Vaccination.