Abstract

A REVIEW: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER

Ms. Sonal S. Ithape*, Dr. Hemant V. Kamble and Mr. Santosh A. Waghmare

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Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease, which includes both stomach and duodenal ulcers, accounts for a significant portion of people seeking surgical advice around the world. A peptic ulcer is a lesion that develops on the stomach or duodenal lining. “Gastric ulcers” and “duodenal ulcers” are the two most prevalent peptic ulcer kinds. Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive factors like hydrochloric acid (HCL), pepsin, refluxed bile, leukotrienes (LTs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and defensive factors like the mucus-bicarbonate barrier, prostaglandins (PGs), mucosal blood flow, cell renewal and migration, nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The most common causes of peptic ulcer disease are H. pylori infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). In addition, a variety of variables are implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer, including bacterial infection (Helicobacter pylori), certain drugs (NSAID), chemicals (Hcl/ethanol), and stomach cancer, with minor factors including stress, smoking, spicy food, and nutritional deficiencies.

Keywords: Peptic Ulcer, Acid Secretion, NSAID, Helicobactor Pylori, Proton Pump Inhibitor.