Abstract

DISEASE X AND ZOONOTIC VIRUSES: UNMASKING A LOOMING GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGE AND FUTURE THREAT

Pombala Sujitha*

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Abstract

The 21st century has witnessed remarkable scientific and medical advancements but has also exposed a daunting challenge: the relentless emergence of novel viral diseases with the potential to inflict severe damage on human health and the global economy. Many of these diseases have zoonotic origins, with a concerning statistic revealing that 61% of pathogens causing human diseases originate from animals. Bats, known for harboring numerous zoonotic viruses, are a focal point of discussion, given their unique traits that make them ideal carriers of various viruses. Recent research highlights the prevalence of batassociated viruses and their genetic adaptations, raising concerns about potential human pathogenicity. The concept of "Disease X," introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO), represents an unforeseen and unpredictable pathogen that could trigger a global pandemic. Disease X serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance and preparedness in the face of emerging infectious diseases. Global initiatives, such as the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the PREDICT program, have been launched to proactively respond to Disease X scenarios. In addition to addressing the challenges posed by Disease X, this article underscores the importance of comprehensive international guidelines, a One Health approach, and proactive cooperation between the public and private sectors. It emphasizes that while the COVID-19 pandemic has been a significant global health crisis, it will not be the last. Disease X serves as a stark reminder of the necessity for preparedness and global cooperation in combating the unpredictable nature of emerging infectious diseases.

Keywords: Disease X, Zoonotic viruses, Emerging infectious diseases, Pandemic, One Health approach, Public health.