Abstract

GLOBAL BURDEN OF TUBERCULOSIS: PRESENT EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS, DETERMINANTS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR ELIMINATION IN INDIA

*Mr. Aditya Rao, Mr. Pintu Kumar, Mr. Rohit Kumar Kumawat, Dr. Hritika

Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most difficult infectious diseases to deal with in the twenty-first century. India accounts for a disproportionately large share of the world's cases. Every year, millions of people die from tuberculosis, even though programming has been going on for decades. This is because structural, biological, social, and demographic factors all interact in complex ways. This review summarises the latest epidemiological data on the global and Indian tuberculosis burden, examines significant risk factors and comorbidities such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, drug resistance, and malnutrition, and evaluates the probability of eradicating tuberculosis in India by 2025 and 2035, in accordance with the World Health Organisation's (WHO) End TB Strategy. The review also discusses new problems that have emerged, such as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), how COVID-19 has affected TB services, and how new diagnostic and genetic techniques can help reduce TB.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Rifampicin, COVID-19, DALYs, NTEP, XDR-TB, Diabetes Mellitus.