Abstract

AN ARTICLE ON SHWITRA W.S.R TO VITILIGO

Dr. Hemant Singh Chauhan*, Dr. Elizabeth P. John, Dr. Ishan Parashar

Abstract

Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin colour in patches. It occurs when the cells responsible for producing melanin, known as melanocytes, either die or stop functioning. This disorder can affect any part of the skin and may also involve the hair and the inner lining of the mouth. Although vitiligo can occur in individuals of all skin types, it is often more noticeable in people with darker skin tones such as brown or black skin. The condition is neither life-threatening nor contagious; however, it can cause emotional stress and may negatively affect a person’s self-confidence. The exact cause (etiology) of vitiligo is not fully understood. It is generally considered a multifactorial disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the destruction or dysfunction of melanocytes in genetically predisposed individuals. These include autoimmune reactions, cytotoxic processes, biochemical disturbances, oxidative stress, viral influences, and neural factors. According to Ayurveda, vitiligo is referred to as Shwitra. Various dietary and lifestyle factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include suppression of natural urges (such as vomiting), excessive consumption of foods that are sour, pungent, hot, salty, or sweet, intake of incompatible foods (viruddha ahara), overeating, consumption of newly harvested grains (navanna), and frequent intake of curd (dahi). These factors disturb the Tridosha, particularly aggravating Pitta dosha, which represents heat or fire in the body and manifests in tissues such as the skin, muscles, body fluids, and blood. Ayurveda describes Shwitra as a chronic disease (Deergha Roga) that requires early treatment. Management typically involves purification (Shodhana) and pacification (Shamana) therapies. Traditional treatment methods may include the use of Psoralea corylifolia preparations, topical oil applications, and controlled exposure to sunlight as part of the therapeutic approach.

Keywords: The exact cause (etiology) of vitiligo is not fully understood.