Abstract

CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND THEIR ROLE IN AGE RELATED DISEASES

Krupa Ann Sunil*, Agatha Mary John, Dr. Abel Abraham Thomas and Dr. Elessy Abraham

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a process that affects most of all the cells an organism during aging. Numerous mechanisms have been identified in soft tissues which contribute to cell senescence. Due to the lack of understanding the processes governing ageing and disease occurrence have been studied differently. But in recent years due to advancement in understanding more about disease through careful studies there has been an increasing overlap in understanding the biology of ageing and disease processes. Cell-type specific changes were observed during cellular senescence. For example, nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity has been found to be decreased in senescent vascular endothelial cells. A gradual accumulation of senescent cells can lead to the progression of some age related diseases but in case of non-age related diseases a faster progression can be seen due to the presence and formation of certain factors that contribute to the formation of cellular senescence. Thus senescence is not solely responsible for the progression of diseases which are age related. Although it is now clear that some of these mechanisms may be targeted with a greater impact on bone formation and skeletal integrity based on our current knowledge. Several issues remain unaddressed although many important advancements are made regarding the underlying mechanisms of bone cell senescence. By understanding the mechanisms of ageing that causes alterations to tissues and its consequences brings us one step closer for developing new therapeutic ways of treatment and more promptly preventing the appearance of age related impairments and diseases.

Keywords: Cell Senescence, Apoptosis, Telomere.