Abstract

ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND SALMONELLA PARATYPHI A IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Dr. Priyadarshini M. Deodurg, Dr. Rajive Kumar Sureka

Abstract

Enteric fever is a global health problem, widely prevalent in the developing countries where it is endemic. It is estimated that there are 22 million new cases of enteric fever annually, with 200,000 deaths. Although Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) remains the predominant Salmonella species causing enteric fever in India, Salmonella Paratyphi A (S.Paratyphi A) causing has also been reported increasingly. In India, antibiotic resistance among S. Typhi has been reported since 1960. Since then multi drug resistance has appeared throughout the world, especially in South America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa and Southeast Asia. In recent years there have been several reports indicating the re-emergence of susceptibility to drugs used in the past, such as Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin. There are very few studies on the sensitivity pattern of Salmonella in this region. The present study was done to know the antibiogram of S. Typhi and S.Paratyphi A. This was a retrospective study conducted in June 2012 in a tertiary care hospital in South India.. S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A were isolated by conventional method as described in the WHO manual. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical reactions and were confirmed by serotyping with factor sera. In the present study, highest resistance was seen with Nalidixic acid and least with Imipenem. In the present study, low frequency of multi drug resistant strains was observed, which is an welcome sign. But resistance to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime, although low is a cause of concern. The present study emphasizes the need for constant monitoring of susceptibility of Salmonella isolates in different regions to commonly used anti-microbialagents. Chloramphenicol may be re-considered as the first choice of therapy and third generation Cephalosporins should be used judiciously and preserved as a reserve drug.

Keywords: Enteric fever, Sensitivity, Resistance, Chloramphenicol.