Abstract

EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL SYNDROMES, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, PREVENTION: A BRIEF REVIEW ON WEST NILE VIRUS

*Dr. G. V. Nagaraju, Dr. Naga Subrahmanyam S., Dr. G. V. Pavan Kumar and Malyadri Y.

Abstract

West Nile Virus (WNV) can cause neurologic disease and death in people, it is most commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America and West Asia. WNV is maintained in nature in a cycle involving transmission between to the birds and mosquitoes. Humans, horses and other mammals are infected. West Nile Virus (WNV) was first isolated in a woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937, before 1997 WNV was not considered pathogenic for birds, but at that time in Israel a more virulent strain caused the death of different bird species presenting signs of encephalitis and paralysis. Mosquitoes can infected due to they feed on infected birds, which circulate the virus in blood otter few day, and then infected mosquitoes bite to the humans also effected to the WNV Virus, the virus may be injected into humans and animals, where it can multiply and possibly cause illness. The virus may also be transmitted through contact with other infected animals, their blood, or other tissues. Infection with WNV is either asymptomatic (no symptoms) in around 80% of infected people, or can lead to West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease, about 20% of people who become infected with WNV will develop West Nile fever. Symptoms include fever, headache, tiredness, and body aches, nausea, vomiting, occasionally with a skin rash (on the trunk of the body) and swollen lymph glands. Treatment of WNV virus Treated by the supportive for patients with neuro-invasive West Nile virus, after admitting the patient must need to intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infections. No vaccine is available for humans but in some conditions symptomatic treatment is cure WNV infection, some of the vaccines like Ribavirin Immunoglobulin Interferon α to use the this infection.

Keywords: West Nile Virus, Mosquitoes, Infected Birds, Treatment, Vaccines.