Abstract

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS PREPARATIONS OF FIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS: OCIMUM SANCTUM, AJADIRACHTA INDICA, PUNICA GRANATUM, PSIDIUM GUAJAVA, AND SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA OF CLINICAL ORIGIN.

*Dr.Alka Mishra, Prabhakar Babele

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Ajadirachta indica, Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, and Syzygium aromaticum against multi drug resistant strains isolated form community acquired infection The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of plant extracts on standard microorganism strains as well as multidrug resistant bacteria which were isolated from hospitals. The important necessity and potentiality of medicinal plants in the practice of medicinal today is well established and cannot be overlooked. The present study is an attempt to assess the variation of drug resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from community patients in hospitals. Hence, more studies pertaining to the use of plants as therapeutic agents should be emphasized, especially those related to the control of antibiotic resistant microbes. Methodology:The medicinal plants used were Ocimum sanctum, Syzygium aromaticum, Punica granatum, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava. All of these five species were collected from Birala hospital garden in Gwalior district MP. Plants sample were washed three times by water, dried and powdered for farther used. Clinical isolates of the following organisms: Methicillin-sensitive and resistant S. aureus, Ciprofloxacin-susceptible and resistant P.aeruginosa, and two ceftizoxime-susceptible and resistant E. aerogenes and E. coli.All bacteria were obtained from clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Birla Hospital, and Gwalior MP.J Four out of three bacteria used (pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. aerogenes, E. coli) were Gram negatives and one (S. aureus) was gram positive. There was significant variation in the antibacterial activities (DIZ value) of different extract. Results: In our study we observed highest antibacterial activity in the extracts of the Punica granatum (Pomegranate) showed the highest antimicrobial activity in methanol extract for Ent. aerogenes and the less effect was observed in ethanol extract on E. coli. The DIZ value (diameter of zone of inhibition) of pomegranate were between 19-26 mm. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) plant extract (flower buds) at a same concentration showed the highest antimicrobial activity in ethyl acetate extract against E. coli and the lowest antibacterial activity in ethanol extract against S. aureus. While A. indica (Neem) plant extract (leaves) observed in highest antibacterial activity in methanol extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the lowest antibacterial activity in same extract on E. coli. Then Ocimum sanctum (basil) plant extract (leaves) showed the highest antimicrobial activity in ethyl acetate extract against E. aerogenes and no inhibition was seen on Ocimum sanctum (basil) methanol extract with E. coli. Psiduam guajava (guava) plant extract (leaves) showed the highest antimicrobial activity in methanol extract in ethanol against E. aerogenes and the lowest antibacterial activity in ethanol against S. aureus.

Keywords: Punica granatum, drug resistance, respiratory infections, bacteria.