Abstract

LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY APPROACHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS

Jitender Pratap Yadav*, Bhag Chand and Pankaj

Abstract

Periodontitis is a bacterial infectious disease that results in destruction of soft and hard tissues which finally causes tooth loss. Symptoms related to the periodontal disease are inflammation in the gingival cavities, abscess and alveolar bone loss.[1] According to the WHO, 10-15% world population suffers from severe periodontitis. Different local or systemic treatments were used for the cure of periodontitis. Now days, local drug delivery is more preferred than the systemic delivery as it results in promising therapeutic outcomes by focusing on factors like targeted site specific delivery, Low dose, Hepatic first pass metabolism, decrease in GI side effects and dosing frequency. Higher occurrence of periodontitis disease in adults, adolescent and older individual is a major public health concern. Major risk factors related to the periodontal disease are smoking, poor oral hygiene, medication, age, hereditary and stress. Several evidences displayed that the periodontal diseases is associated with the various systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increased by 19% with periodontal diseases, which is increased to 44% amongst the individuals ages over 65 years and the individuals with severe periodontal diseases with type 2 diabetes have 3.2 times greater mortality risk as compared to the individual with no or mild periodontal diseases. Systemic drug delivery in the periodontitis disease has certain limitation that is overcome by the local drug delivery system. It provides adequate concentration of drugs at the target site. Various approaches used for local drug delivery are Oral rinses, Sub-films, chips, Gels, Ointments and Micro particles.

Keywords: Periodontitis, Local drug delivery, Gels, Nanoparticles, Microparticles.