Abstract

PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

D. A. Ochilova*

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases attract a lot of attention from researchers around the world due to the high risk of severe complications such as ischemia, heart attacks and strokes. The morphological basis of most of these diseases is atherosclerosis of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a complex, multi-stage pathological process that develops mainly in the elastic (aorta, branches of its arc) and muscularly elastic (arteries of the heart, brain, etc.) type. the Problem of atherosclerosis is one of the most urgent in modern medicine due to its wide prevalence and severity of adverse outcomes. In modern studies of the progressive development of atherosclerotic plaques, great importance is given to inflammation, since the main cells involved in this process are found in the atherosclerotic lesion itself-monocytes/macrophages and T – lymphocytes, which produce factors for regulating the inflammatory response. Penetration into the subendothelial space of monocytes, their subsequent differentiation into macrophages and activation are the key moments of initiation of atherogenesis and development of atherosclerotic plaque.

Keywords: atherosclerotic p, macrophages M1 and M2, T-lymphocytes, monocytes, cytokine.