Abstract

RELATION BETWEEN GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN PD-1 AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN IRAQI PATIENTS

Olla E. Khudhair*, Hameed M. Jasim and Ibrahim A. Ahmed

Abstract

Background and Objective: The programmed death PD-1 pathway plays an important role in regulating T cell activation and maintaining peripheral tolerance, where the PD-1 pathway was involved in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), since the genetic background of type 1 diabetes differs greatly among different populations. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between PD-1 gene polymorphism and the incidence of T1DM in Iraqi patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 Iraqi patients with T1DM, and 62 apparently health controls were enrolled in this study to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism rs11568821 (G A) intron-4 and rs10204525 (G A) in 3′ untranslated region of PD-1 gene and the susceptibility to T1DM. The levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting blood glucose (FbG), C-peptide and lipid profile were monitored. Genomic DNA was extracted from 4 mL peripheral blood samples collected from each subject. Genotyping of the selected SNPs of PD-1 was achieved in T1DM patients and healthy controls. Results: The results demonstrated significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c; TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and significantly decrease in serum levels of C-peptide in T1DM patients compared to those of healthy controls, while there is no significant difference in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, results of the present study clearly showed for the first time, that there is no association between PD-1gene polymorphisms and T1DM in Iraqi diabetic patients. Conclusion: Our results indicate that rs11568821 and rs10204525 SNPs in PD-1 are not significantly associated with T1DM and the prognosis of patients with T1DM.

Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Programmed cell death -1; PD-1.3; PD-1.6; Genetic polymorphism; Single nucleotide polymorphism; rs11568821; rs10204525.