Abstract

MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PATHOGENS AND FOOD SAFETY

Iyabo Christianah Oladipo* and Olatayo Shamsudeen Ishola

Abstract

RESULTS: This review has focused on the causes, effect, transmission and prevention of Multi-drug resistant pathogens. Drug resistance strains have developed in most cases through human practices which includes abuse of drugs, use of over dose and self medication. Other methods as been identified in food process through the application of pesticide, herbicides and antibiotics during farming and sometimes for storage. In animal house boundary, antibiotics is usually administered to prevent animals from getting sick in other to reduce loss of live stocks which could affect production; meat and milk. Research have shown that development of resistant strain could be traced to: 1. Delayed or inadequate treatment, 2. Wrong diagnostic due to selection of antimicrobials, 3. surviving of resistant strains during treatment of other bacterial illnesses, 4. Formation of Biofilms which increases pathogenicity of resistance genes during treatment of bacteria diseases. Many pathogenic organism have been found to be resistant to their empirical antibiotics, these includes: Lactic acid bacteria; Lactobacillus acidophilus, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Escherechia coli, Campylobacta spp., Plasmodium spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci spp., Clostridium difficile and some of their empirical drugs that have been resistant to include: Vancomycin, Floroquinolone, Tetracyclines, Kanamycin, Sulfonamides, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Cephalosporins and Penicillins. These have caused some public health diseases and reduced effective therapy across the world with adverse economic conditions. These have challenged scientist to proffer alternative approach to curb the transmission from farm to fork through: Improved farming practices with reduce use of antibiotics, Food Biosecurity, the use of Green antibiotics like Essential oil, Nanobiotics, other approach like the use of Predatory bacteria, Lactic acid bacteria as an antibiotics and Vaccines. This review has explored different causes of multi-drug resistant pathogens, transmission and prevention and has provided wealth of knowledge that can be of immense benefits for medical practitioners, farmers and the general public to stem the growth and spread of resistant pathogens globally. Multi-Drug resistant pathogens is the new health monster that is causing public health diseases and delay in treatments which is leading to prolong hospital stay, increased cost of therapy and in some cases, the death of people around the world. Further research and serious effort should be channeled into stemming the continuous spread of these menace through public sensitization on self medication and farming practices.

Keywords: Multi-drug resistance, Food Biosecurity, Green Antibiotics; Nanobiotics, Essential oil, Vaccines.