Abstract

MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF PLACENTA IN ANAEMIC MOTHER OF GWALIOR REGION

Reeta Kushwaha, Harendra Singh and Naveen Kushwah*

Abstract

Introduction: Placenta is provide nutrition and exchange of gases in foetus. so it is a vital organ .it also help in synthesis of oestrogen and progesterone. Placental abnormalities can be early warning system for foetal problems. Anaemia is commonest haematological disorder that occurs in pregnancy. In present study we find out morphological and histological changes in placenta of anaemic mothers and its effects on foetal outcome. Aim of this study is to find out effect of anaemic mother over foetal outcome, gestational age and baby birth. Material and methods: The present study was carried out on 60 placentas from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gajra Raja medical college Gwalior. All the placenta were collected immediately after delivery. The placenta were preserved in 10% saline for microscopic examination. This study was divided into 2 Groups-group 1 control group. it comprised 30 placentas from mothers having no sign and symptoms of anaemia and haemoglobin level more than 11 gm%. Group 2 study groupplacenta divided into 3 groups depending on the severity of anaemia. Group2a-mild anaemia, haemoglobin level 11gm%- 10gm%.Group 2b- moderate anaemia, haemoglobin level 10gm%-7gm%. Group 2c – severe anaemia, haemoglobin level less than 7gm%. Results: It was found that the period of gestation decreased with severity of anaemia. Number of cotylendons decreases with severity of anaemia. Umbilical cord insertion was more towards margin. Incidence of fibrosis increase with increase in severity of anaemia. In present study microscopic feature observed that capillaries per villous increase in number and are dilated with increasing grade of anaemia. Cytotrophoblastic proliferation increase with increase in severity of anaemia. Discussion: It was found that all the cases of study groups that with the high parity (67% of cases multigravida) severity of anaemia increases. The present study also correlates findings of high incidence of premature (40%) low birth weight 40% and foetal loss (52% with the increase in severity of anaemia. We found that weight of placenta increase with mild anaemia but decrease in weight of the placenta with the severity of anaemia (average weight 443.33 gms of the study group and 480 gms of control group).

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