Abstract

REVIEW ON CLINICAL FEATURE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MOTOR DECLINE IN PARKINSON DISEASE

Poonam Bhadauriya*, Arvind Singh Jadon and Ankur Agrawal

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative Disease and characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in midbrain substantia nigra (SN) and the consequent movement malfunction. The dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and loss is closely associated with activation of caspase-3 and decrease in expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Caspase activation and decrease in BDNF expression are the early signals of dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Parkinson disease is one of the most common age-related brain disorders. It is defined primarily as a movement disorder, with the typical symptoms being resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability, and is pathologically Characterized by degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies (misfolded α-synuclein) in the surviving neurons. In addition to the defining dopaminerelated motor symptoms, however, Parkinson’s disease is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous multisystem disorder involving other neurotransmitter systems, such as the serotonergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic circuits. Thus, a wide variety of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) linked with these neurotransmitters are commonly observed in patients with PD. In this review we have discussed about clinical feature, pathophysiology and management of motor decline in parkinson’s disease.

Keywords: Parkinson Disease, Neurodegenerative Disease, Dopamine, Motor Decline.