Abstract

IN-VITRO INTERACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF GARCINIA KOLA WITH AZITHROMYCIN

Anie Clement Oliseloke*, Egbon Olukayode T. and Obidike Judith Chisom

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Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial interaction of Azithromycin with crude methanol extract of Garcinia Kola, the concomitant use of Garcinia kola seed extract and Azithromycin and the interactions that may possibly occur due to the simultaneous use of these two agents. Method: The plant material was gotten, peeled, washed, dried, ground and then extracted using cold maceration method with 80% methanol. Qualitative analysis was carried out, revealing the phytochemical present in the methanol extract of Garcinia kola was done, Antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Garcinia kola at various concentrations was obtained using agar well diffusion method with Azithromycin as a positive control, and methanol as a negative control. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Garcinia kola and Azithromycin were evaluated using the above test organisms. The synergistic effect of azithromycin and the methanol extract of Garcinia kola seed was carried out. The determination of the combined effect of methanol extract and Azithromycin against Pseudomonas aureginosa, using the checker board method was obtained. Results: The presence of saponin, alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids was shown due to the phytochemical screening carried out. The antimicrobial evaluation showed zones of inhibition against the four test organism (E.coli, S.aureus, Strep. pyogenes and P.aeruginosa) were 3.5mm to 15mm ranging from the lowest to the highest for the various concentration for Garcinia kola extract. 14.5 to 33(mm) was the range obtained for the zone of inhibition for the positive Azithromycin. The MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (mg/ml) for the various micro organism which are S.aureus, E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.pyogenes were at a concentration of 2.3437, 300, 2.3437 and 150 respectively for the methanol extract of Garcinia kola and 2.5, 10, 2.5 for S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, S.pyogenes respectively for Azithromycin. E.coli does not have an MIC. The synergistic effect of the methanol extract of Garcinia kola and Azithromycin have higher zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the following concentration (19mm and 29mm) respectively, unlike Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes that showed antagonism when the extract of Azithromycin and Garcinia kola were combined. Using the Checker board method, the combined effect of the extract and Azithromycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, synergistic effect was seen at AZI/GKS ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 and 5:5, indifference was seen at ratio 4:6 while antagonism was recorded at ratio 3:7, 2:8 and 1:9. Conclusion: From the study carried out, it can be said that Garcinia kola possesses antibacterial activity and the combined effect of the interaction between Azithromycin and Garcinia kola seed extract was synergistic against Escherichia coli.and Staphylococcus aureus.

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