Abstract

RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

Sreedhar S.*, G. P. Emmanuel, Gopika G., S.P. Armili, T. Geetha and Aleena Anna Abraham

Abstract

Aim of the study: To study the risk factors associated with the chronic kidney disease. Need of the study  Renal failure is one of the most common disease in India and all over the world.  Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally including 417 million females and 336 million males.  More than 20 million Americans have some level of CKD that related to increased diabetes and hypertension the most common causes of renal failure.  This study can help to identify the risk factors influencing severity in chronic kidney disease. Method of study  The study was performed in the nephrology department of a tertiary care hospital and patients with chronic kidney disease were included in the study.  The sample size was about 100 patients during the study of 6 months.  Data regarding prevalence, risk factors of renal failure and medication along with sociodemographic details of patient were entered in the data collection form and the results of the study was presented in form of tables. Statistical analysis: The data collected from prescriptions were entered in data collection form for further evaluation. Continuous variable presented as mean values (+,-) standard deviation and categorical variables were expressed as percentages in excel. The results were represented in the form of tables and graphs. Results: This study involved all chronic kidney disease patients admitted to the medical department of nephrology between “November 2021 – April 2022”. During this period, 100 chronic kidney disease patients were admitted in the medical department and those patients are categorized based on age, gender, occupation, and risk factors like (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol etc.) Out of 100 patients 78 patients (78%) have hypertension, 59 patients (59%) have diabetes, 45 patients (45%) have cardiac issues,26 patients (26%) are obese, 20 patients (20%) are smokers and 31 patients are alcoholic (31%). Conclusion: We concluded that, hypertension, diabetes mellitus were more among 5th stage CKD than other Stages. In 4th and 3rd stage of CKD, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and alcohol found to be the major risk factors. In 2nd and 1st stage of CKD are asymptomatic but hypertension, DM and cardiac issues found to be the risk factors.

Keywords: Renal failure, Acute kidney disease, Chronic kidney disease, Risk factors.