Abstract

INVITRO EVALUATION OF EXTRACT OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI

K. Naga Kumari*, A. Ravi Teja, B. Ramu, B. Kalyani and R. Suraga

Abstract

The study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and anti-diabetic activity of the chloroform extract of Ajwain leaf (trachyspermum ammi). The anti-inflammatory activity and anti-diabetic activity of chloroform extracts of Ajwain leaf was evaluated using five in vitrobased assays heat induced hemolysis inhibition, Inhibition of albumin denaturation, Anti-proteinase action, preparation of red blood cells (RBCS) suspension and α-amylase inhibitory. Results showed that the mechanism of the anti-inflammation activity, ability of Ajwain leaf extract to inhibit protein denaturation was studied. It was effective in inhibiting heat induced albumin denaturation. Maximum inhibition of 71% was observed at 500 μg/ml. Aspirin, a standard anti-inflammation drug showed the maximum inhibition 68% at the concentration of 100 μg/ml compared with control. Anti-diabetic activity results showed good α-amylase inhibitory activity of the ajwain leaf compared with that of standard acarbose. A maximum inhibition of 88.55% ± 0.43% was achieved at a concentration of 4 μl/ml by the leaf, which was comparable to that of standard acarbose inhibition of approximately 90.96% ± 1.81%. The 50% Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extract and acarbose was found to be 0.47 and 0.69 μl/ml, respectively. In the present study, results indicate that the chloroform extracts of trachyspermum ammi possess anti-inflammatory properties. These activities may be due to the strong occurrence of polyphenolic compounds such as alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, steroids, and phenols, The extract fractions serve as free radical inhibitors or scavenger or acting possibly as primary oxidants and inhibited the heat induced albumin denaturation, proteinase activity and stabilized the Red Blood Cells membrane. This study gives on idea that the compound of the plant trachyspermum ammi can be used as lead compound for designing a potent antiinflammatory drug which can be used for treatment of various diseases such as cancer, neurological disorder, aging and inflammation. Ajwain is a good choice for the management of diabetes as it can effectively inhibit the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as α-amylase thereby decreasing the postprandial hyperglycemia. The anti hyperglycemic activity of ajwain leaf strongly supports its stability to decrease sugar level hence it may be further validated for its use as an anti-diabetic agent.

Keywords: Ajwain leaf (trachyspermum ammi), Anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetic activity, chloroform extracts, five in vitro-based assays heat induced hemolysis inhibition, Inhibition of albumin denaturation, Anti-proteinase action, preparation of red blood c