Abstract

SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES: STANDARDS OF MEDICAL CARE IN DIABETES GUIDELINES

Ashitha Ephrem, Aiswarya Utaman* and Shabaraya A. R.

Abstract

When the body is unable to control the level of glucose in the blood, diabetes mellitus develops. Diabetes mellitus is divided into type I and type II based on the body's ability to produce insulin. When the body is unable to control the level of glucose in the blood, diabetes mellitus develops. Diabetes mellitus is divided into type I and type II based on the body's ability to produce insulin. The majority of people with type I diabetes are children and young adults. Type I diabetes results from the pancreas' inability to release enough insulin into the body, which causes glucose levels to rise. Due to the body's insensitivity to insulin, type II diabetes develops, increasing blood glucose levels and causing physiological hunger in cells. Although type II diabetes primarily affects adults, it is becoming more common in young adults and adolescents as a result of changing societal patterns. Because high blood glucose levels harm the nerve system and blood vessels, causing insensitivity and poor blood circulation in the feet, diabetes mellitus is to blame for the emergence of diabetic feet (American Heart Association, 2010). Diabetes mellitus is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality as well as the early start of coronary heart disease. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy are all side effects of diabetes. The current course of treatment includes changing one's diet, losing weight, exercising, using oral drugs, and taking insulin. The aetiology of diabetes, which affects the cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and eye systems as well as the lower extremities, particularly the feet, has made significant strides in recent years. With strict glucose and blood pressure control, the advancement of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy can be slowed down or even stopped. One of the key issues still generating serious impairment is neuropathy. Although there has been some success in the ongoing clinical trials and testing of different medications to see how well they address the problems of diabetes, there is still much to learn about this condition.

Keywords: Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Classification, Diagnosis, Etiology, Ge netics.