Abstract

COVID-19 MRNA VACCINE ASSOCIATED MYOCARDITIS-A REVIEW OF ITS CLINICAL ASPECTS, MECHANISMS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Amrutha Valli Dasari*, Priyanka Sri Betha, Tabitha Sharon and Kantamaneni Padmalatha

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Abstract

The most frequent cause of myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, is a viral infection. This unusual cardiac disorder makes it challenging for the heart to pump blood because it weakens the heart muscle. Myocarditis, an underdiagnosed illness, is a common cause of acute heart failure, abrupt death, and persistent dilated cardiac myopathy. Myocarditis is a clinical and histological term for a variety of pathological immune processes in the heart. In patients with acute and chronic myocarditis, changes in the number and function of lymphocyte subsets and macrophages, as well as antibody-mediated injury, are common. Vaccines that have shown protection against the morbidity and mortality of covid-19 associated with the uncommon side effect of acute myocarditis have confounded immunization efforts. The incidence, diagnostic measures, and treatment for myocarditis with the Covid-19 vaccine have been discussed. The incidence is about 20-30 per million cases mainly affecting male patients in the age group of under 30 years. Although the mechanisms are mostly theoretical, molecular mimicry and innate immune responses have been proposed. Individual and population-level benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks of this rare and mild form of myocarditis, according to risk-benefit analyses. Myocarditis following covid-19 mRNA vaccination is relatively rare and usually resolves within a few days or weeks especially in children and young adolescents mainly males. So, alternative Covid-19 vaccination like covishield, covaxin, and sputnik v can be recommended for adolescents and adults.

Keywords: myocarditis, dilated cardiac myopathy, antibody-mediated injury, mRNA vaccine, risk-benefit analysis.