Abstract

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE- A REVIEW

Dr. Suchetha Aghanashini, *Dr. Dhrittisha Parag, Dr. Sapna Nadiger, Dr. Darshan Basavaraj Mundinamane and Dr. Apoorva Sokke Mallikarjunappa

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Abstract

Development of antibiotics has led to substantial reduction of the morbidity and mortality rates associated with various diseases. They have brought about advancements in numerous fields of medical science with successful intervention of surgical procedures and immunosuppressive treatments which depends on antibiotic prophylaxis and their capability to treat lethal complications. Nevertheless, microorganisms or bacteria have been observed to develop resistance against antibiotics, resulting in a decline in the effectiveness of these antimicrobial agents due to the widespread and persistent presence of drug-resistant organisms. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is closely associated with the utilization of antibiotics for the purpose of preventing or treating infections. But excessive use of these agents, has led to tremendous increase in the resistance but not a parallel increase in new agents with improved spectrum of action. Thus, antibiotic resistance possesses a serious trouble on a wider prospective and needs to be rectified, if the development of new anti-infectives is to keep pace with adding resistance. Hence, the purpose of this article is to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in the natural world, considering the perspectives of evolution and ecology. The article also aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, with the ultimate objective of addressing this problem through ethical decision-making in our interactions with ecosystems.

Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis, drug-resistance, microorganisms, interventions.