Abstract

USE, SAFETY AND ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THIAZOLIDINEDIONES – A REVIEW

Anuj Maheshwari*† and Preeti Singh Dhoat†

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes mellitus across the globe. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is multifactorial of which insulin resistance is the most indispensable. Insulin acts on cells by setting into motion a phosphorylation cascade, the alteration of which can lead to insulin resistance. Thiazolidinedione group of drugs, formulated in the early 1980s, were shown to tackle and improve this resistance by acting on the PPAR-gamma receptors present on the cell nucleus resulting in an overall increased insulin sensitivity and more prudent glucose uptake by the cells. This brings about an effective glycemic control for the patient, especially when used in combination with other drugs. However, this action is not harmonious as it comes at the cost of various undesirable effects on the heart, liver, skeletal system, bladder and eyes. The aim of this review is to provide a better insight into the undesirable effects of TZDs enabling a better ergonomic usage for these agents.

Keywords: Thiazolidinediones, Insulin, Adverse, Effect, Disease.