Abstract

COMPLICATIONS OF “THE FIRST MIRACLE DRUG” – INSULIN

Anand Shankar MD*

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Abstract

The discovery of insulin and subsequent tremendous advancements in insulin preparations has been a boon for the effective management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Concomitantly, there has been surmounting real-world evidence and increasing realization of insulin-related complications in a subset of the population. This review summarizes the insulin-mediated hypoglycemia events and various side effects on the end organs, including the brain, vascular tissue, liver, cardiac muscles, pancreas and kidney. Furthermore, there are injection site reactions such as lipodystrophy and bruising. In addition, the insulin regime is associated with hypertension, electrolyte imbalance, hormonal fluctuations, and bone health. In summary, although insulin therapy remains a boon, it also negatively influences the emotional and functional well-being of the vulnerable population. Nevertheless, recent advances in insulin preparations, combinations of drugs, and the evolution of continuous glucose monitoring are facilitating the timely diagnosis, interventions and support of intensive treatment for the management of diabetes.

Keywords: Insulin, Hypoglycemia, Lipodystrophy.