Abstract

ROLE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCE STUDY IN TREATMENT OF CAD (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE)

Sonam*

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Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition that poses a significant global health burden. This abstract provides an introduction to CAD, highlighting its etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches. CAD is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, a process characterized by the accumulation of plaque within the coronary arteries, leading to the narrowing or complete occlusion of blood vessels. The key risk factors for CAD include hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of premature cardiovascular disease. The clinical manifestations of CAD can vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) or sudden cardiac death. Common symptoms include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. Accurate diagnosis of CAD is crucial for appropriate management. Diagnostic approaches encompass a combination of patient history, physical examination, non-invasive tests, and invasive procedures. Non-invasive tests include electrocardiography (ECG), stress testing, echocardiography, nuclear imaging, and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Invasive procedures, such as coronary angiography, provide direct visualization of the coronary arteries and can be accompanied by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to relieve blockages. CAD management involves a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, invasive interventions. Lifestyle modifications encompass adopting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, weight management, and stress reduction. Pharmacotherapy aims to control risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes The treatment landscape for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has been significantly influenced by advancements in technology and the emergence of new studies. This abstract explores the role of new technology and advanced studies in the treatment of CAD, aiming to improve patient outcomes and enhance the management of this prevalent cardiovascular condition.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease, nanotechnology, robotics, stem cell, stem cell therapy, atherosclerosis, non-invasive technique, catheterization, 3D-Printing.