Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

*Wasim Akhtar, Juli Tansariya, Naziya, Taiyaba, Manish kumar Prajapati and Saif Alam

.

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is the source of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the most significant current crises affecting global health. The virus was first identified at the end of 2019 and has rapidly spread throughout the world, affecting millions of lives and straining economies and healthcare systems. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic, encompassing its virology, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, public health measures, treatments, vaccines, and its profound impacts on healthcare systems, societies, and mental well-being. The virology section delves into the genetic structure and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, shedding light on its high transmissibility and ability to cause severe respiratory illnesses. A critical assessment of diagnostic techniques and testing methods employed to identify COVID-19 cases highlights their strengths and limitations, addressing the challenges in accurate and timely detection. Furthermore, the review explores the multifaceted public health measures implemented globally to contain the virus's spread, including lockdowns, social distancing, and vaccination campaigns. The effectiveness of these interventions is analyzed in the context of their impact on reducing case numbers and alleviating the strain on healthcare systems. Given the absence of a particular antiviralprocedure for COVID-19, the review evaluates the various therapeutic options available to manage the disease, including antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory treatments, and supportive care measures. Additionally, the development and global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines are discussed, highlighting the monumental scientific achievement and the challenges encountered in achieving equitable vaccine distribution. The pandemic's wide-ranging impacts on healthcare systems are examined, underscoring the unprecedented pressure on hospital infrastructure, healthcare professionals, and supply chains. Societal consequences, such as unemployment, business closures, and disruptions in education, are reviewed alongside the pandemic's toll on mental health and well-being. Drawing from the experiences of the Coronavirus pandemic, the article closes with a reflection on the illustrations learned and their suggestions for future pandemic readiness. The critical role of global cooperation, scientific collaboration, and public health infrastructure in tackling emerging health crises is emphasized, urging nations to prioritize preparedness measures for potential future outbreaks.

Keywords: .