Abstract

TOXIC EFFECTS OF DIMETHOATE ON ANIMAL

Nikahat Fatma*, Kushwaha V. B. and Srivastav Sunil K.

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Abstract

Dimethoate, (o, o - dimethy l S – methy l – carbamoyl – methy l phosphorodithioate) (fig.1) a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, has been extensively utilized in agriculture to control a wide variety of pests. It has systemic, contact and stomach mode of action. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, a pivotal enzyme in neurotransmission, resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent disruption of nerve impulses. This mode of action accounts for its potent insecticidal properties but also poses significant risks to non-target organisms, including mammals, due to potential neurotoxic effects. Studies investigating the toxicological profile of dimethoate reveal adverse impacts on various systems, including the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and affect many vital organs including kidney, liver and gonads. Acute exposure to high doses manifests in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and, in severe cases, convulsions and respiratory distress. Chronic exposure to lower doses may lead to cumulative effects, potentially resulting in long-term neurological and health complications. Furthermore, research underscores the environmental persistence of dimethoate and its potential to leach into water sources, posing threats to aquatic ecosystems and non-target organisms. Regulatory measures aimed at mitigating risks associated with its use have been implemented, emphasizing proper handling, application, and adherence to safety protocols. Understanding the toxicological profile of dimethoate is crucial in delineating its risks and implementing effective strategies to minimize human and environmental exposure. Further research endeavors are warranted to comprehensively assess its impact on diverse ecosystems and to develop safer alternatives for pest control practices.

Keywords: Dimethoate, insecticide, digestive system, respiratory system, kidney, liver.