Abstract

A REVIEW ON ACHALASIA

Thumati Harika*, E. Rajani and Dr. Y. Prapurna Chandra

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Abstract

Achalasia is a oesophageal motility disorder. It is characterized by the progressive ganglion cell degeneration in the oesophageal myenteric plexus, which results in the impaired lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation upon swallowing in the smooth muscle of the oesophagus. Achalasia is mainly caused by loss of nerve cells in the oesophagus and it is also caused by auto immune responses in the body. Both males and females may be effected by achalasia and senior adults may be effected. The achalasia is mostly to be in the Caucasians, smokers and obese. Achalasia can be overlooked because it has symptoms similar to other digestive disorders. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques including Oesophageal manometry may help in predicting outcome. At present pneumatic dilation and heller myotomy are combined with a procedure are the treatments of choice and have the comparable success rates.

Keywords: Achalasia, Oesophageal sphincter, Pneumatic dilation, POEM, Diagnosis, Treatment.