Abstract

CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES AND THEIR DIVERSE APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Shivam Pathak, Shivani Gautam, Shubhankit Soni*, Alok Shukla and Nitin Rajan

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Abstract

Chromatography stands as a crucial biophysical technique that facilitates the separation, identification, and purification of components within a mixture, catering to both qualitative and quantitative analyses. For proteins, purification is achieved by exploiting various characteristics such as size and shape, total charge, surface hydrophobicity, and binding capacity with the stationary phase. The separation of proteins is accomplished through four distinct techniques, each grounded in molecular characteristics and interaction types: ion exchange, surface adsorption, partition, and size exclusion chromatography. Techniques relying on the stationary bed further enhance chromatography methodologies and include column, thin layer, and paper chromatography. Among these, column chromatography stands out as one of the most prevalent methods employed for protein purification. By leveraging the diverse properties of proteins, chromatography emerges as a versatile tool for biophysical analyses, contributing significantly to advancements in biochemical research and aiding in the purification of proteins for various applications.

Keywords: Chromatography, protein purification, biophysical technique, separation, identification, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, molecular characteristics, ion exchange chromatography, surface adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, size