Abstract

COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SCORPION ENVENOMATION: BIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SOUTH INDIA

Shubhangi R. Nalawade*, Vaibhav S. Patil and Indrajeet S. Gadge

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Abstract

Scorpion stings pose a significant public health challenge in tropical regions like South India. With an array of venomous species, scorpion stings present diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from localized pain to life-threatening systemic effects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of scorpion biology, venom composition, and clinical presentation of envenomation. It highlights the distinctive features of lethal scorpion species, predominantly belonging to the Buthidae family, and outlines the diagnostic and management strategies for scorpion sting victims. Emphasizing the importance of early recognition and appropriate intervention, the article discusses modern treatment modalities, including antivenom and pharmacological agents such as prazosin, in managing severe systemic effects like hypertension and pulmonary edema. Additionally, it underscores the significance of careful monitoring and symptomatic relief in improving patient outcomes. Despite the challenges posed by scorpion envenomation, timely intervention coupled with supportive care offers a favourable prognosis for affected individuals.

Keywords: Scorpion stings, Envenomation, Antivenom.