Abstract

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED ILLNESS

*Priyadharshini S.

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Abstract

Oxidative stress, a physiological imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defense. This review provides an overview of oxidative stress, delving into its underlying mechanisms, associated consequences, and emerging therapeutic approaches. The first section elucidates the sources of ROS, generation, encompassing endogenous cellular processes and exogenous process that produce oxidative stress. Highlighting the delicate balance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses, we explore how disruptions in this equilibrium trigger oxidative damage to biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The ensuing discussion outlines the multifaceted consequences of oxidative stress, linking it to a spectrum of diseases ranging from cardiovascular disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabetes mellitus, Skin aging, Dermatitis, Auto immune disease, COPD and neurodegenerative disorder. Moreover, the impact of oxidative stress on cellular signaling pathways and inflammation underscores its pervasive influence on health and disease. We illuminate promising therapeutic interventions designed to mitigate oxidative stress. These encompass dietary antioxidants, pharmacological agents, and lifestyle modifications, offering new avenues for preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review, underscores the critical role of oxidative stress in health and disease, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovative approaches to combat its detrimental effects on human well-being.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, Biomarkers, Oxidants and free radicals, Pathophysiology, Drugs.