Abstract

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 13, Issue 6, 2024. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1008 INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES LEVELS IN PATIENT’ SERUM AND ITS RELATION TO THE DURATION OF WOUND HEALING IN ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL ENUGU, NIGERIA

Lilian N. Chukwuma*, Nneka R. Agbakoba, Ifeoma B. Enweani, Chidozie V. Udeogu, Chukwuemeka O. Arua and Chidera L. Dilibe

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Abstract

Background: Inflammatory cytokines play a role in health by regulating immune cells, production of blood cells, wound healing, and combating infections. The level of cytokines in the system needs to be evaluated to help checkmate imbalance in the release of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can affect wound healing and repair. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients' serum and their relation to the duration of wound healing in National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 230 blood samples was collected from patients with wounds of different age groups. 46 (Forty-six) samples were selected from the 230 samples using a convenient sampling technique and tested for pro-inflammatory and anti–inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10) respectively. The cytokine evaluation of IL-1β and IL-10 of human serum samples was done by extracting the serum from clotted and retracted blood in plain tubes. This was analyzed using Human Interleukin1L-β and 1L-10 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit respectively. The patient’s records were taken from their folders to capture the duration of the wound stage at that particular period and also the Socio- demographic data such as age, gender, duration of the wound, and stage from voluntary patients who met the criteria. Results: There was no significant difference in the regulation of the cytokine levels using the standard error of the mean. IL-1β (pg/ml) had 18.59±0.35 for the acute stage and 19.53±0.56 for the chronic stage, p-value-0.342 while IL-10 (pg/ml) had 689.31±246.90 for the acute stage, 445.72±15.13 for chronic stage, p-value-0.346 respectively. Significant value at p≤0.05. Percentage age duration of wound stage were 1-20yrs (11.3%), 21-40yrs (40.8%),41-60 (31.74%),61-80yrs (13.91%),>80(2.174%) The highest age duration of wound falls within the range of 21-40yrs and the least was >80yrs Distribution of wound stage for male in acute stage was 12(39%) and chronic stage (34)61% respectively, while the female in acute stage was 12(31.5%) and chronic stage 34(68.6%) respectively. The highest percentage distribution of wounds according to gender was 61.3% for males and female 38.7% respectively. The female gender was prevalent in the chronic phase of wound healing while the male gender was dominant in the acute phase. Conclusion: It is important to treat health issues that can lead to chronic inflammation to avoid complications, reduce the length of hospital stay and high medical costs, propagate and initiate high protein diets, and anti-inflammatory food diets, and also improve personal hygiene in order to uphold a healthy living and reduce mortality.

Keywords: Pro-inflammatory, anti -Inflammatory, cytokine levels, evaluation, wound duration, healing.