Abstract

CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES: A REVIEW

*Prashant Vishnoi, Ankita Vishwakarma and Deepti Sachan

.

Abstract

Oxadiazoles belong to the group of heterocyclic compounds which contains one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms, forming a fivemembered heterocyclic ring. The oxadiazole molecule is derived from furan, where two carbon atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms of the pyridine type. The current review was based on the chemistry, synthesis and pharmacological properties of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Due to the different arrangement of the het-ero-atoms, oxadiazoles exist in different isomeric forms, e.g., 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,5-oxadiazole. Aromatic systems are so-called azoxins, while five-membered cyclic molecules with the same number of nitrogen and oxygen atoms that have been partially reduced are known as furoxanes. The preparation of unsubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole was first described by Ainsworth in 1965. The synthesis was carried out by applying thermolysis at atmospheric pressure to formylhydrazone ethylformate.]. Many compounds based on the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring have already been authorized and commercialized. Among others, we can distinguish derivatives of metoxadiazone, which is an insecticide, or oxadiazone (6) derivatives, showing herbicidal activity. It concluded that 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives possesses numerous pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, tuberculostatic, analgesic, antiviral, antioxidant, insecticidal, anti-parasitic, and blood pressure-lowering. Thus, it is a promising moiety for new novel drug design with broad therapeutic efficacy on various medical conditions.

Keywords: 1,3,4-oxadiazole, synthesis, pharmacological properties, antioxidant, anti-cancer.