Abstract

EFFECT OF METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF MANIHOT ESCULENTA ON THE TESTES OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MALE WISTAR RATS

Ikueze Ijeoma Chiamaka*, Dr. Ofoego Uzozie Chikere and Muorah Chinecherem

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism with serious clinical consequences (Nita and Nicholas, 2010). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic complex condition associated with hyperglycaemia and long-term end organ damage. DM induces many functional and structural syndromes and complications in multiple organs, such as testis, brain, heart and retina (Lingli et al, 2018). Several studies have been made on the impact of diabetes on organ functions. Over time it became clear that death and disability from diabetes complications involving the eyes, kidneys, peripheral nerves, heart, and vasculature could occur even with treatment (Elizabeth and MD, 2010). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause testicular damage which induces male infertility as a result of reduced male testicular function (Lingli Long et al, 2018). Another research shows that in human with diabetes, spermatogenesis, sperm count, sperm motility, seminal fluid volume and testosterone levels are lower compared to healthy individuals (Sexton and Jarow, 1997). Further studies have shown that Diabetics had reduced testicular volume, semen volume, and total motile sperm output while plasma LH and FSH levels were elevated. Reduction in semen volume and impotence were more common in longstanding complicated diabetes (Handelsman, Conway, Boylan, Yue and Turtle, 1985). Several researches has been put in place to discover the effect of diabetes on several organ but much work has not been done regarding it's effect in the testes. There is also a need to discover if the organic extract from Manihot esculenta can serve as remedy for the reduction in testicular function. A total of forty-five (45) male Wister rats weighing between 120-150g were used for this study. They were acclimatized for 2 weeks before the commencement of the study. After acclimatization, the animals were grouped into eight groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H) of between four to nine rats in a group. Group A the control group was given only normal saline. Group B was given only Cassava seed extract low, Group C was given high dose of Cassava seed extract, Group D was induced with Alloxan alone, Group E received Alloxan + low dose of cassava seed extract, Group F received Alloxan + high dose cassava seed extract, Group G received Cassava seed extract high + alloxan and finally Group 8, also received alloxan and was Treated with metformin. Results showed a reduction in the body weight as shown by the group D, this implying that alloxan monohydrate impacts on the weight of the organ thereby causing its reduction. . Group E which was induced with Alloxan monohydrate and then treated with Manihot esculenta showed a non significant increase in weight. 1000mg/kg of the extract when taken before inducing alloxan shows a highly significant increase in weight, signifying that the extract possesses ameliorative properties. There was also noticeable reduction in FSH,LH and testosterone Level when induced with alloxan. There was also a reduction in Sperm motility, sperm count and sperm activity.

Keywords: Manihotesculenta, Diabetic testicular damage, Alloxan-induced diabetes, Testicular tissue regeneration.