Abstract

A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE FLOATING MICROSPHERES

Nagaveni Pommala* and Susmithasri Chintha

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Abstract

Hypertension or high blood pressure, is indeed a growing health concern globally, especially with factors like longer life expectancy and lifestyle choices contributing to the prevalence. Managing it is crucial for reducing the risk of related complications like heart disease and stroke. The present review is to study the formulation of gastroretentive floating microspheres of hydrochlorothiazide and the effect of formulations variables like drug to polymer ratio and concentration of polymer dispersion. Hydrochlorothiazide work primarily by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, thus acting as a diuretic. The floating microsphere’s purpose is to improve gastric retention time. Floating drug delivery systems are lower in bulk thickness than gastric juice and remind floating on gastric juice for a long period of time without impacting the gastric-emptying rate and increasing bioavailability. Using the orifice ionic gelation technique to formulate hydrochlorothiazide floating microspheres is an interesting approach this technique involves the formation of microspheres by extruding a polymer solution containing the drug through a needle into a getting agent solution, where ionotropic gelatin occurs, this method can help control the release of the drug and potentially improve its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These microspheres are formulated by using sodium alginate as sustained release polymer, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent and calcium chloride as a cross linking agent. The rheological properties of the polymer dispersion were studied. The microspheres are formulated by different drug to polymer ratios at various concentrations of sodium alginate dispersion and also microspheres floating behavior, drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, micromeritic properties, swelling index, particle size, invitro drug release studies and release kinetics.

Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide, hypertension, gastro retentive drug delivery systems, floating microspheres, orifice-ionic gelation, sodium alginate.