Abstract

PEPTIC ULCER: AN OVERVIEW

Gulgaz Haque*, Dr. Dhiraj Kumar and Jyoti Yadav

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Abstract

A chronic condition that affects up to 10% of people worldwide is peptic ulcer disease. The presence of gastric juice pH and the lowering of mucosal defenses are prerequisites for the development of peptic ulcers. The two primary factors that are disrupting the mucosal resistance to injury are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The hallmark of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the disruption of the GI tract's inner lining due to either pepsin or gastric acid secretion. It penetrates the gastric epithelium's muscularis propria layer. Usually, it affects the proximal duodenum and stomach. The jejunum, distal duodenum, or lower esophagus could be affected. Patients with gastric ulcers typically experience epigastric pain 15–30 minutes after eating, whereas duodenal ulcer patients typically experience pain 2–3 hours later. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, two common treatments for peptic ulcers, have been linked to side effects, relapses, and a variety of drug interactions. Conversely, medicinal plants and the chemicals they contain can be used to treat and prevent a wide range of illnesses.

Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.