Abstract

DNA METHYLATION RISK SCORE AS A PREDICTIVE PARAMETER FOR DISEASE VULNERABILITY

*Mayuri N. Jagtap, Jayesh R. Baviskar and Avinash B. Darekar

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Abstract

Methylation risk scores (MRS) have emerged as promising tools in the realm of personalized medicine, offering insights into disease susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment purpose. DNA methylation, an essential epigenetic modification, plays a vital role in regulating gene expression, genomic stability, and cellular identity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of DNA methylation dynamics, encompassing its mechanisms, regulation, and functional implications. In this we come to know about the DNA Methylation and Methylation risk score (MRS), highlighting their methodologies, applications and methylation associated with multiple diseases. Genetic risk scores (GRS) are extensively used for risk prediction as well as in association and interaction studies. Recently, interest has been increasing in transferring GRS approaches to DNA methylation data (methylation risk scores, MRS), which can be used 1) as biomarkers for environmental exposures, 2) in association analyses in which single CpG sites do not achieve significance. Finally, we discuss the constructing methylation-based risk scores, and examine their performance in diverse disease contexts, such as gestational diabetes and breast cancer. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and clinicians alike, illuminating the current landscape of MRS research and charting future directions towards their clinical implementation and impact on patient care.

Keywords: Methylation risk scores (MRS), Epigenetic modification, gestational diabetes, breast cancer, CpG sites.