Abstract

THE ROLE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINES: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Mr. Ketan S. Kothawade, Mr. Sujal K. Kothawade, Prof. Sandip D. Pagare, Prof. Ashwini D. Pagare

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Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is a brach of science that focuses on the systematic identification of human genes, their products, and inter –individual and intra individual variation in expression and function. Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicines, aims to provide patients with prescription for drugs based on their genetic, environmental, and lifestyle characteristics. Genomic Medicine, using DNA variation to individualize and improve human health, is the subject of this series of reviews. The idea that genetic variation can be used to individualize drug therapy – the topic addressed here – is often viewed as “lowhanging fruit” for Genomic Medicine. We review general mechanisms underlying variability in drug action, the role of genetic variation in mediating beneficial and adverse effects through variable drug concentrations (pharmacokinetics) and drug actions (pharmacodynamics), available data from clinical trials, and ongoing efforts to implement pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Keywords: Drug, genotype, pharmaceuticals, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics.