Abstract

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON MARMA SHARIR

Hemant Laxman Shinde* and Shalini Bhagyawan Khobragade

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Abstract

Ayurveda indeed delves deeply into the understanding of human anatomy through the branch known as Sharira Rachana, which translates to the structural aspect of the human body. "Sharir" meaning body and "Rachana" referring to structure encapsulate the essence of this branch, which provides detailed insights into the anatomical structures of the human body. Among the intricate components explored within Ayurveda, Marma holds a significant place. Marma can be defined as vital points on the body's surface, each holding critical importance, particularly in relation to traumatic effects. Injuries to these Marma points can lead to various degrees of disability, dysfunction or even fatality. Traditionally, Ayurvedic texts, particularly the "Trimarmiya Siddhi," elaborate on Marma, covering their definitions, types, symptoms ensuing from injuries to these points, and their respective treatments. The knowledge of Marma Vigyan or the science of Marma, is a valuable contribution from the ancient Acharyas (teachers) of Ayurveda. However, it's noteworthy that the understanding of Marma is not extensively developed in modern scientific discourse. The human body is said to contain 107 Marmas, distributed across the limbs, trunk, head and neck regions. These vital spots are comprised of five essential anatomical structures: Mamsa (muscles), Sira (veins), Snayu (ligaments), Asthi (bones), and Sandhi (joints).[1] Moreover, Marmas are not merely anatomical landmarks but are also regarded as sites where the Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) manifest in their subtle forms—Prana, Ojasa (Soma) and Tejas (Agni). Furthermore, Marmas are believed to harbor the three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas—representing mental contents (Manas), along with the soul or life force (Bhutatma). This holistic understanding of Marma underscores its significance not only in anatomical terms but also in the broader context of holistic health and well-being within Ayurveda.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Sushruta Samhita, Rachana sharir, Marma Vigyan, Vital points.