Abstract

GREEN PREPARATION OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM PLANT SEEDS EXTRACT: A REVIEW

S. Dharmaraj Santhosam*, V. Leslie, M. Maheshwari, K. Selva and Dr. S. Selvakumar

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Abstract

Metal-based nanoparticles have long been considered the trailblazing class in the field of nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are superior to other nanoparticles in several ways, including their optical and biological characteristics, which provide them a major competitive edge in biological and clinical applications. In the current study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were created using an aqueous extract from the seeds of Mangifera indica. The current study's objective is to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in an environmentally friendly manner using Silybum marianum seed extracts, which serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Response surface methodology (RSM)'s central composite design (CCD) optimized the synthesis's temperature, pH, reaction time, plant extract, and salt concentration for regulated ZnO-NP size, stability, and maximum yields. The biosynthesis of ZnONPs using the aqueous extract from Portulaca oleracea seeds has been reported in the current study. The suggested technique is an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, plant-extract mediated technology that can produce ZnONPs at pH 7 after an hour of heating at 60˚C. The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are distinct from those of their bulk counterparts. Moreover, biologically produced nanoparticles (NPs) are an improvement over alternative techniques. The objective of this work was to use an aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seed to biosynthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. The current study described easy-tofollow, environmentally friendly procedures for producing ZnO nanoparticles in ambient circumstances using Murraya koenigii seed aqueous extracts. Foeniculum vulgare Polyphenolic chemicals found in millet seeds make them a viable choice for environmentally friendly nanoparticle manufacturing. This work uses ultrasonication to biosynthesize ZnO nanoparticles from fennel seeds. Nanotechnology (NPs) is a relatively recent scientific technique with several applications in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were created in this study using an environmentally safe and reasonably priced green synthesis with non-toxic grape seed extract acting as a reducing agent. We provide an efficient environmentally friendly process for extracting pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds, which yields zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). This method increases the potential medicinal and microbiological applications of ZnO NPs while lowering the toxic ingredients used in nanoparticle synthesis. In this work, we tried an easy, fast, and environmentally friendly way to make ZnO NPs from Caesalpinia crista seed extract in aqueous form. Using seed extract from Nigella sativa L., zinc oxide nanoparticles have been created. An annual herbaceous plant in the Ranunculaceae family is called Nigella sativa L. The production of zinc oxide nanoparticles depends critically on the concentration of plant extract. With its special qualities, including antifungal, antibacterial, semiconducting, UV filtering, and piezoelectric qualities, zinc oxide is an extremely alluring multipurpose material. Due to its nontoxic, safe, and biocompatible nature, this material finds extensive use in solar cells, lightemitting diodes, piezoelectric nanogenerators, biomedical applications, and high-performance nanosensors in cosmetics. The current study uses extract from Moringa oleifera seeds to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles in a quick, easy, economical, and environmentally friendly manner. The purpose of this study was to improve the green production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) mediated by the aqueous extract of loquat (Eriobutria japonica) seeds using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The concentration of zinc acetate (0.01– 0.2 M), the pH value (8–12.5), and the precursor to the extract ratio (1: 2.5 to 1: 10) were among the independent factors that influenced the particle size and absorption content. A growing number of applications have made the biosynthesis of nanoparticles an intriguing field of study, primarily due to the need for novel, efficient, clean, and economical synthesis methods. This research aims to prepare pure zinc oxide nanoparticles using the Quince seed mucilage green synthesis method as a stabilizing agent for photocatalytic methylene blue degradation. Utilizing cottonseed aqueous extract as an antioxidant material for the green synthesis of nanoparticles is an effective technique that offers several benefits, including low costs, an easy setup process, and environmentally beneficial methods. Additionally, the manufacture of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) utilizing an aqueous cottonseed extract was the main focus of this investigation. Solution combustion was used to create ZnO nanoparticles, and research was done on their antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. An extract from the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant is utilized as a fuel in the solution combustion method of synthesis.

Keywords: Biosynthesis, Seeds extract, Nanoparticles.