Abstract

CONCEPT OF NIDAN: AN AYURVEDIC REVIEW

Dr. Archis Ravindra Patil*

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Abstract

Ayurvedic texts indeed place great emphasis on understanding the Nidan or causative factors of diseases. These factors are classified into two main types: Vyadhijanak and Vyadhibodhak. Vyadhijanak Nidan: These are the etiological factors of diseases. They delve into the root causes or triggers that lead to the onset of a particular illness. Factors such as faulty diet, lifestyle choices, environmental influences and even accidental causes fall under this category. Understanding these factors helps in identifying the underlying reasons behind the disease manifestation. Vyadhibodhak Nidan: These are the means of diagnosis. They aid in recognizing and understanding the nature of the disease. This includes factors like symptoms, signs and diagnostic criteria that help physicians pinpoint the specific ailment afflicting the patient. The interplay between Nidan, Dosha and Dushya is crucial in Ayurveda. Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) represent physiological principles, while Dushyas (tissues such as Rasa, etc.), Dhatus (body tissues) and Malas (waste products) constitute the bodily components that can be affected by Dosha imbalance. The imbalance or vitiation of Doshas affects these elements, leading to various diseases. In diagnosis, it's essential to consider all these factors comprehensively. A holistic understanding of the disease involves elucidating the interplay between Doshas, Dushyas, and Nidan. This knowledge aids in accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment planning. Initiating treatment without proper diagnosis is akin to shooting in the dark. Even if a physician possesses profound knowledge of medicinal applications, success isn't guaranteed without understanding the root cause of the disease. Therefore, a thorough grasp of Nidan is indispensable for achieving successful outcomes in Ayurvedic treatment.

Keywords: Nidan, vyadhijanakhetu, vyadhibodhakhetu, samavayikaran.