Abstract

ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUG THROUGH SOLID DISPERSION: A REVIEW

Rakshika M. Agrawal*, Suparna S. Bakhle, Juhi M. Makode, Sakshi V. Bhope and Nikita D. Shukla

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Abstract

Solid dispersions are an effective way to improve the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug to increase their bioavailability. They are defined as the dispersion of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in a carrier at a solid state. One of the main issues with many drugs is their poor water solubility, and numerous methods have been developed to improve this solubility. The solubility behaviors of pharmaceuticals continue to be one of the most difficult parts of developing formulations. The delivery of many existing drugs is impacted by the new drug’s solubility concerns with regard to targeted drug delivery. At least 40% of new drugs developed for the pharmaceutical industry have low water solubility. Therefore, the main issues facing scientists are to increase the drug's solubility in water and its bioavailability. Therefore, it is advantageous to build solid dispersion with carriers that have strong water solubility in order to overcome such issues and promote dissolution. Therefore, it is discovered that using solid dispersion techniques is a useful way to increase a drug's solubility factor when it exhibits low water solubility. Some of the crucial practical factors that must be taken into account while creating solid dispersions are carrier selection and physicochemical characterization techniques. The main objective of developing solid dispersions is to increase the oral bioavailability and absorption of drugs that are poorly water-soluble. Solubility is an important parameter for attaining the targeted drug concentration in the systemic circulation for pharmacological response. It is the process by which a solid dissolves in a liquid phase to form a homogenous system. The aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals can be improved by a variety of methods, such as hydrotropic, micronization, chemical modification, solid dispersion, complexation, co-solvency, micellar solubilization, and pH adjustment. Technologies for solid dispersion have great promise for enhancing the bioavailability and oral absorption of BCS Class II drug. The focus of this review article on the method of preparation, classification, carrier used, characterization, advantages, disadvantages and the application of the solid dispersion.

Keywords: Poorly soluble drug, Solid dispersion, Carrier, bioavailability, Solubility, Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS).