Abstract

A REVIEW ON DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS DUE TO SURFACTANT DEFICIENCY IN NEONATES FOCUS ON SURFACTANT THERAPY

Edwin Dias* and Rinie Sonam Dsouza

.

Abstract

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) presents a significant challenge in neonatal care due to its complex pathophysiology and potential for severe complications. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricacies of RDS, focusing on its aetiology, clinical manifestations, and optimal management strategies. It arises from the disruption of the alveolar epithelial-endothelial permeability barrier, leading to the accumulation of protein-rich inflammatory fluid in the alveoli. This process is accompanied by dysregulated inflammation, impaired surfactant production, and compromised lung function, culminating in severe respiratory compromise. Effective management of RDS necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing meticulous monitoring of oxygenation and ventilation, judicious use of assisted ventilation modalities, and timely administration of exogenous surfactant therapy. Non-invasive respiratory support methods, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), have emerged as preferred alternatives to invasive ventilation, offering comparable efficacy with fewer associated complications. Surfactant replacement therapy via endotracheal intubation remains a cornerstone of RDS management, with recent advancements in less invasive surfactant administration techniques showing promising results. However, further research is warranted to establish the optimal approach for surfactant delivery in neonates. Effective management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requires a multifaceted approach encompassing close monitoring, judicious use of assisted ventilation, and timely administration of surfactant therapy. Non-invasive respiratory support methods offer promising alternatives to invasive ventilation, while supportive care measures play critical roles in optimizing outcomes. Collaboration among clinicians and researchers is essential for refining treatment strategies and improving outcomes in neonates with RDS.

Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome, management, ventilation, neonates.