Abstract

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L LEAVES

I. Jansi Rani* and S. Dharmaraj Santhosam

Abstract

A member of the Sapindaceae family, Cardiospermum halicacabum L. is a climber plant that has long been employed in Ayurvedic, homeopathic, and Unani medicine due to its unique therapeutic qualities. The pharmacognostic analysis of Cardiospermum halica cabum L. leaves is the main topic of this work. According to ethnomedical data, it was used to treat a wide range of illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, stomachaches, body aches, backaches, fevers, lumbago, nerve diseases, demulcents, dropsy, and so forth. The morphological analysis demonstrated that general characteristics adhered to the family. The leaf's characteristic vascular bundle, ranunculaceous stomata, non-glandular, glandular simple, unicellular or multicellular, unbranched uniseriate trichomes on the upper and lower epidermis, and other features were revealed by detailed microscopical analysis. A cluster of angular collenchyma cells can be seen in the inner region of the adaxial cone, while sclerenchyma cells can be found in the inner region of the abaxial cone. The petiole has two noticeable grooves on the upper side, while the epidermis on the bottom side is made up of a single layer of cells. The following were determined and presented: powder microscopy, microscopic schedules, stomatal number and index, vein islet and vein termination number, palisade ratio, and physicochemical parameters including ash values, extractive values, and loss on drying.

Keywords: Ash value, Extractive value, Powder microscopy, Vein islet number.